![]() ![]() #Apsa endnote format fullBibliography and Reference Listsįinally, it is important that somewhere in your document, you include the full bibliographic information on your sources. That number then corresponds either with a notation at the bottom of that page (for footnotes) or at the end of the document (for endnotes). As demonstrated in the example above, the notation involves a number added as a superscript to the end of the relevant passage. African Coalitions and Global Economic Governance, Cambridge University Press.įootnotes and endnotes are similar. This is the case with the second passage. If it had been a direct quote, rather than a summary of an argument, then the page number of the quote would also have been included. ![]() In the first example above, Robert Bates’ book, Essays on the Political Economy of Rural Africa, is cited in parentheses, within the body of the text. “Does Patronage Still Drive Politics for the Rural Poor in the Developing World? A Comparative Perspective from the Livestock Sector.”Development and Change. One major distinction is whether you cite in-text or as a footnote or endnote. If you are writing a paper for publication, it may be useful to look at the formatting guidelines provided by those publications. If you are writing a paper for a course, it is important that you follow any guidelines provided by your teacher. This guide will not discuss all of them, but merely point you to some of the most useful guides. In that discipline, on occasion, even facts that should be general knowledge (such as the fact there was a World War II), might require a citation! These typically following a guide, The Bluebook. An extreme example may be academic law review articles. See Purdue Owl: Complete Discipline Listing. #Apsa endnote format how toWhenever you are unsure of what should be cited.īeyond the above guidelines, different disciplines also have their own norms for when citations are necessary (and for how to cite sources).Whenever a source or information may be unfamiliar to your reader.Whenever you paraphrase or summarize a source.The first question to address is when does once cite a source? There are some case where citations are always a good idea: They show the reader that you are not simply making things up! It is responsible scholarship to provide the necessary information for others to verify and follow-up on your research, or so they can replicate it and perhaps push the frontiers of knowledge forward on their own.įinally, citations are part of what makes your own work credible. As such, when you use information derived from somebody’s hardy efforts, the least you could do to express some measure of gratitude is to cite that person.Ī second reason to cite is to help future researchers. A primary one is that research in any field (not least in the social sciences) operates upon the foundation of a wealth of other people’s works. There are many good reasons for including citations. ![]()
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